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This is the first time I've seen this mechanism described! I had to reverse engineer my oven control board because the transistor in this scheme died and after staring at the capacitor and diode for a minute it finally clicked, metaphorically, and literally, after I changed that transistor.

What's this circuit called?


Not sure, to be honest. It is basically a charge pump though.

I feel like HN shouldn't auto-capitalize "λ" in this instance. An anonymous function is a λ, not a Λ.


I love to see the community putting in the work to keep these old machines working with new Apple products! Just wish Apple would be willing to step up their support; I suspect most Apple customers will simply buy a new machine to ensure compatibility with their Polishing Cloth rather than tinkering with community-supported workflows.


The Asahi folks have been making really impressive progress on Polishing Cloth drivers so I'm optimistic that we'll at least have a community solution for the E-waste in future decades.


I'm thinking I should upgrade to a Mac Studio. The IIe really struggles to run any LLMs locally.


The lake?


No, the very first meeting with the Emergents, where ... I forget the character's name (Trixia?), but she's a linguist and she figures out that there's something odd about the painting-carvings in the Emergent habitat. She can't put her finger on it until she spends more time studying their language, and figures out that they... well, we're getting into spoiler territory, so rot13: Fur svtherf bhg gung gurl gnyx nobhg crbcyr nf bowrpgf gb or bjarq.


Well that's a new experience, I naively googled for "Fur svtherf bhg gung gurl gnyx nobhg crbcyr nf bowrpgf gb or bjarq" and gemini responded to the text without rot13ing it, so I had no idea why it was telling me what it told me, I had to decode it to make sense of it's answer

TIL Gemini can respond to rot13


I pasted it into Kagi and the smart response just showed the clear text. Usually the smart responses are much more verbose.

Just read "a deepness in the sky" last month, surprised to see a reference here.


I had forgotten that section. Time to reread, I guess!


Here's another good reason to think in turns: it turns Euler's formula from this Eldritch Terror:

    e^(i*x) = cos(x) + i*sin(x)
into something you can kinda understand by staring at the complex plane:

    -1^(2x) = cost(x) + i*sint(x)
Credit to justinpombrio for this: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32986869


I'm confused. How is this simpler? Is there something in (-1)^(2x) that can easily understood by staring at the complex plane? It seems mostly that you've gotten rid of "e", but one of the goals of Euler's formula IMO is to explain what "e^(i …)" means so I'm not sure how this variant is useful.


I'll defend i^4x since I like it better.

(cost x, sint x) is a point on the unit circle x turns counterclockwise from (1,0).

cost x + i sint x is a point in the complex plane x turns counterclockwise from 1.

Now look at integer powers of i, a point in the complex plane 1/4 turn from 1:

i^0 = 1 (0 turns from 1)

i^1 = i (1/4 turn from 1)

i^2 = -1 (2/4 turn from 1)

i^3 = -i (3/4 turn from 1)

and we define complex exponentiation such that, for all real x,

i^x = cost (x/4) + i sint (x/4) (x/4 turn from 1)


How about i^4x? It makes it clearer which direction we are rotating (vs -1 which is a 0.5 turn rotation in either direction) and avoids the garden path confusion that could arise from it not being obvious from the left side of the equation that we are working in the complex plane at all.


Now define exponentiation by a non-integer.


Funny how the so-called eldritch terror is another face of what is widely considered one of the most beautiful equations in mathematics, Euler's identity that unites five fundamental constants.

  e^(i*pi)+1 = 0
..which is a result of the more general formula.

  e^(i*x) = cos(x) + i*sin(x)
Pi is hiding there in the sin and cos functions implicitly, because the unit radian is defined by 2*pi. In comparison, the version you mentioned that takes x in "turns".

  -1^(2x) = cost(x) + i*sint(x)
It got rid of pi and e, which already seems a win for simplicity. i is still there for the imaginary component, or y in the complex plane. So the need for pi was removed thanks to the "turn", defined by 1 as the whole circle or cycle.

Multiplying -1 to itself every half turn makes it an alternating series of 1 and -1.. Weird, but it is visually clear to understand, without involving e. Though I still don't see where e went. Oh, this comment explains:

> If we rearrange the products in the exponent we get

    2πix          πi2x          (  πi ) 2x
  e         ->   e         ->   (e    )
> Where e^(πi) is -1. That shows there is something to the turns units; we can express the analog of the Euler identity using exponentiation using a base and factor which are integers.

Yeah I get it now, a "turn" acts like a dimensionless unit to the circle/cycle.


Sorry but this is pretty bogus. (-1)^x is only well defined when x is an integer. This is generally the case for r^x whenever r isn't a positive real number. For example, when x = 0.5, r has two distinct square roots. Sure, you can choose one of them arbitrarily and declare it to be the value of r^0.5 (and math libraries typically do this), but there's unfortunately no good way to make this arbitrary choice consistently for all values of r simultaneously.


It is well known that forcing a sudden drop in chronically high average blood glucose (like, from 200+ to a normal ish range) with insulin can cause vision loss. I wonder if it's the same mechanism?


It tends to happen when:

1) You must have a crowded optical disc as a precursor (low cup to disc ratio). Genetic and can be tested

2) You have stiff veins/arteries due to poor metabolic/cardio health

3) when blood pressure drops too much, blood flow can get cut off to the optical nerve temporarily due to reliance on high blood pressure due to 2

4) Due to loss of blood flow, optic nerve swells and closes blood flow into the eye due to 1


I read this story in 4th grade. It felt like the future. Now, it feels like most of the technology is within reach - at least, it could be built. The automated stove being the main exception.

But the most unrealistic part of this story is how all the IoT automation continues to work in the absence of the Internet.


> In the living room the voice-clock sang, Connecting to Brand(tm) servers... Connecting to Brand(tm) servers... Connecting to Brand(tm) servers...


The fridge dispensed a verification can.


Which of these apocalyptic landscapes contain traffic lights?


Minecraft Bedrock Edition (the one Microsoft most heavily pushes) uses a traffic light to show when you need to pay more money, I heard.


In the real 2026, the automated firefighting system wouldn't work - it would lose connection to the internet and fail to verify whether the customer is still enrolled in the Max Protection Pro subscription.


"Bluetooth device connected"

"Bluetooth device connected"

"Bluetooth device connected"


> But the most unrealistic part of this story is how all the IoT automation continues to work in the absence of the Internet.

It's actually one way this story about the apocalypse is more hopeful than the present day. We don't need the internet to make most of the things in that story work, but in our timeline we'd add it anyway to get and sell those good analytics.


Except that isn't really why it happened: iot being Internet tied is because it's much, much easier to get devices to work when you control at least one side of the server with skilled professionals rather then your average home user.

And no one has really come up with an alternative: home assistant is good, but it's not for the non-techy.

I will squarely blame IPv4 for some of this: NAT has meant that the key application people might want to use is broken by default (remote device access) without mediation servers.


> it's much, much easier to get devices to work when you control at least one side of the server with skilled professionals rather then your average home user.

No, practicality is not the main reason these unnecessary connections are added. The main reasons are 1. to sell and enforce subscriptions and 2. to collect and sell data.

Is it just easier to get your car seat warmers to work when they can connect to the internet and make sure you're paid up?


I have some IoT devices I made for myself. The all connect to the central server (the one I run myself of course).

It is much, much easier to do things when central server is around. This is especially true for embedded devices which have limited resources and cannot be updated easily and safely. Close all the incoming ports and the chances of your device joining the botnet fall dramatically. Keep that port open and you'll see yourself mentioned all over the net in the context of "horrible security, don't buy".

The only hope is multi-vendor systems which connect to central hub - zigbee, matter, etc.. - but sadly they not very popular, as wifi is everywhere, access is cheap (the chip can found for under $1 today), and hub-based are harder to get started with.


HomeKit works great as long as you have devices that support it. The only thing you need a server for is if you want to be able to control things while you're away from home. Control/notification on the LAN is entirely local. Setup for non-technical users is easier, too. You scan a code through a standardized flow, rather than downloading Yet Another App and creating Yet Another Account you'll forget the password to.

Being tied to the internet happens because manufacturers want to be able to watch your usage, sell you ads, and make you buy more stuff from them when they decided your existing hardware is "too old" and shouldn't be supported anymore.


Unless you advocate for something reckless like "all incoming connections allowed", you will need a central aerver even with IPv6.


The vision of the automated stove is partly fulfilled, at least around San Francisco, by the astounding number of people who get all their meals delivered, for the moment by humans but soon robots.


Still looking forward to the foodarackacycle.


IoT works just fine with Zigbee that can be 100% local.


Most of which you don't need IMO. When a bunch of stuff had to be redone after a kitchen fire, I told my electrician that I wanted everything to be dumb.


Did IoT cause the fire?


No. A 15-year old (so not ancient) dumb microwave.

Not a luddite but, aside from a couple of Alexas, just no need for any IoT.


How did you start a fire with a microwave? Plain old electrical fire, rats eating wire insulation?


Apparently a short circuit in the control panel in the middle of the night. At least that's what the investigator said. I wasn't using it and was asleep. So I didn't start it. Was spontaneous. Didn't seem to be related to any external wiring.


We had a dishwasher let out the smoke recently. No fire, luckily, just literal smoke and melted plastic. The melted part was the mechanical power switch. Yes, dead simple non-IOT holy century old technology. The parts that fail are almost always the moving parts and almost never the smarts.


My washing machine was intermittently staining stuff for a while. The it started smoking one day. Should have replaced it at least a couple years prior. Bet it was a good 50 years old.


Check out Home Assistant.


This. Not only does everything still work in an internet outage, mine actively detects and heals most internet outages by power cycling the modem with a smart plug.


We're closer to the stove, kind of. At least with things like Tovala. I've never actually met someone with one though.


I really wish we could just get a thermal imager integration for a stove which could catch a pot of boiling water about to boil over and back off the heat automatically.


Electric kettles have done this for decades. The tech is also in sous vide machines.


Yes and both those things aren't what I cook pasta in.


You can bring the water to a boil and dial back the heat when you add the pasta. Will still cook, but no boiling over. Saves a bit of electricity as well.


Best we can do is Wifi to set your timer.


The other unrealistic part is the absence of ads.



I refuse to believe there's not a database backup somewhere. Such careful curators would surely hate to destroy it!


I'd hope so, but wouldn't it have leaked by now?



Oh phew, I hadn't heard of this, thank you. Glad this exists, I wonder if Redacted has imported it.


It hasn't, but it was used by the community to kickstart the rebuilding process. I'd wager at this point there's less than 1% of the original catalog missing. Plus, all the music that was released meanwhile. RED already surpassed the number of releases that were on WCD many years ago.


I knew it!


Nothing stops embedded work faster than running out of code space on a microcontroller!


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