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I think the point is to decide where to draw the line. An AI model is a stochastic process, you don't get the same results from the same prompt (even at temperature 0 because the GPU will do multiplications in a different order and errors compound). It's not really the same as a digital compositing pipeline and a lighting engine.

Also you have to account for the PB of training data which consists of copyrighted works that goes into the model and is interpolated to produce the result. Personally this tips the balance to AI output being new work that's not copyrightable for me because otherwise all of the people who own copyright on the training data should have joint copyright of the output too because in a sense all of the training data is part of the prompt too.

Your prompt doesn't really contain all of the decisions that were made in the final output most of the time. When you use a rendering engine it does contain only your decisions and you have a license to use the work of all the people who created the software and other assets you're using to make the film.


Hilarious that you think anyone wants to play your AI generated game much less pay for it


why not?

If it's a great idea and the execution is fine, why not?

Eg Angry Birds. There are real world examples I have.

Why not?

edit: And about "your game" rhetoric, I'm talking about us more than me, unless you think that I specifically, NCR100, cannot create a game that is worthy? Why?

Where's the hope? Is there a presumption that AI generation is bad, full-stop?

Do you specifically assert that everything done with AI has no compelling quality to it?

I was taught that the tools do not make the artist.

When I sit down to build a product, a website, an app, middleware, servers, embedded apps, I expect to be paid if it is for a company. I will use other people's designs and patterns in my effort. I will work with everybody at the organization, even though who have, 'ideas'. It's my literal job as a Creator to make that slop compelling.

Why is the involvement of AI during creation a guarantor of non-compelling?


> Do you specifically assert that everything done with AI has no compelling quality to it?

We are 4 years in and so far literally nothing with compelling quality appeared yet, no game, no app, no book, no music. Every vibecoded shit is slop with rare exceptions of barely acceptable quality.

Quality is more about people and processes, AI won't replace humans for product development but currently countless people and corporations are dreaming about that. What makes this more interesting is that the person that prompts the AI loves the result because it matches their perception of what is good but as most people don't have good taste and understanding of product development, it sucks.

Ironically, the people that could create good things with AI, designers, creatives, are the people that dislike it the most.


Yeah I also haven't seen too many one shot games that are worth playing for very long, and note that is just my individual observation and not a proper study.

I don't trust that designers and creatives, currently, know what the future brings insofar as tool development -- features which could be added to generative AI that would give the designers and creatives control over their assisted creations equivalent or superior to that which they currently have with their current tool set.

When I was a boy, (spoken with a drawl), we didn't have affordable computers that could do graphic design. And I did spend time watching professional graphic designers transition from frisket, paper, pencils, pens, paint, film photography, and on and on, to using Macs. They complained. But they got good at it, and the tools got better and better. Nowadays, I do not see people doing graphic design by hand, often. Tactile media creation is obviously still practiced but I would argue that more people use computers to do in my case graphic design I think frisket paper and mechanical pencils and exacto knives, today. So the transition is possible.


But how will you know that the query plan actually does what your query asked for?


I would like to think that pg_hint_plan is designed in such a way that any hint it accepts must be a valid plan for the query. I’m quite confident that schemes with this property that can also express high quality plans are possible and not even excessively complicated.

This is not to say that it’s possible to genetically verify that a proposed algorithm does what you want it to — that would be undecidable or NP-hard or co-NP-hard depending on how you formulate the question.


I wouldn't be very excited about adding a 4B param model to my database deployment, but using this kind of approach while testing an app to identify query plans where Postgres is leaving performance on the table seems valuable without much risk.


Given the approach from the article, you can commit the hints to git and run tests for verification. The model would be used during coding.


If your statistics or workload change, this approach is useless. The hints are generated being generated ahead of time, taking 95hrs to do so.


`pg_hint_plan` has a debug log so you can verify Postgres actually used the hint or not! Used this during evaluations


You're misunderstanding the setup here. The LLM doesn't modify the query, just some details about how to choose between different ways to break the query into basic operations on the tables. The SQL doesn't change. It's still up to postgres to guarantee that the results match the query. If the proposed plan were nonsense that didn't amount to carrying out the query, postgres would ignore it.


Because P!=NP (very probably IMHO) there's a huge class of problem for which LLMs are useful on the expensive and heuristic-y generation side because the verification is relatively inexpensive.


I imagine you can perform operations on query plans to transform them and determine equivalence?


you'll have to prove equivalence through some Lean4 code perhaps? or some weird clause tree comparisons... good question indeed.


"... make no mistakes" :)


You could set the CSS zoom property to 1/window.devicePixelRatio with JavaScript but I think you can't do it with CSS only. If you do that then px is physical px. This doesn't include browser zoom though or mobile pinch to zoom. You could also get those with JavaScript but then people would be really confused by the behavior of your website.

You definitely can't get pure integers though it's always a float even if you use whole numbers. It does eventually get rounded before becoming pixels though.


That is sort of where I ended up, Not that it matters, Pixels should probably never actually be used. It just offends me that a unit that is sort of messy and tied to physical hardware but does provide measurement that can not be found elsewhere. gets neutered and we end up with another useless absolute unit, inch, point, millimeter, pica, the Q(did we really need the Q?) and now the pixel.


The entire point of writing proofs is for advancing human understanding. A giant dump of symbols that passes the lean compiler is meaningless besides human beings understanding it.


In the field of pure mathematics this might be true, but it has implications regardless for applied math, engineering, and physics.


> The entire point of writing proofs is for advancing human understanding.

Proofs also enable AIs to direct search and generate knowledge. Verifiability is immensely useful for keeping AI grounded.

One might imagine AI generating enormous numbers of hypotheses and then trying to prove or disprove them, and then mine that data for new abstractions and heuristics.


But what does it mean? The theorems are just symbols in lean. The conjectures humans chose are carefully selected to be the questions that are interesting and relevant to our intuition about the real world.

Math often doesn't have applications for hundreds of years and that application is only possible because people deeply understand it and how it applies to the real world.

Generating an endless list of true statements doesn't really do anything, those things are already true regardless of whether someone has written a lean program to model them.


Lean terms and programs have defined meanings, just like anything mathematical does.

It sounds like you're asking something nebulous, like does it have a soul.

Mass generation of conjectures and proofs/disproofs could AI to discover objectively mathematically useful things. For example, it might discover shortcuts, lemmas, even abstractions that are useful in the proofs of these things -- and judge that utility by how much they improve the ability of the AI to prove things in this mass of problems. It wouldn't say whether the things are useful for non-mathematical human problems, but then human mathematicians, as you say, can't really judge that either.


Sometimes the purpose of the proof is simply to demonstrate that some construct is a safe assumption for other more interesting work-- and could still serve that purpose even if it was entirely a black box.


An AI may still be able to apply the results without humans understanding the proof.


No it isn’t, it’s putting it into the corpus which means another LLM doesn’t have to spend a few billion credits the next time.


Is it the AI's fault we can't understand? If the GUT is beyond human comprehension does it matter less? We don't apply this reasoning to other animals or even to less capable humans. Besides, the robots may want to ponder maths for their pleasure.


was. Not is. Was.


Qwen 27B is runnable for that price and it can produce patches that work using opencode as a harness. It's obviously not as capable as frontier models but it can do things if you provide the judgement.


60+ GB VRAM, unless you quantize. If you quantize sure, but then it will not really be comparable to what others are using.


How about we give humans access


Do humans not have access? https://dl.acm.org/openaccess


It seems that the "open access" is more marketing than something reality based they actually want to do.

https://dl.acm.org/openaccess ---> So how to access the content? Do I have to register or what? It the "open access" only for academic org's people or for everyone in the world?

https://dl.acm.org/ ---> Okay, nice simple search field without loggin in, but when you try to search something, you get thousands of results, even if you search specific author and the exact name of paper, you will get hundreds of results and the thing you want is buried somewhere on page 247. Filters of authors, years etc. are for Premium subscription. But just googling the thing finds the link to ACM... And want to get the actual PDF? Hope it says "free access"...


Nobody uses their search anyways.

Google scholar has become the way to search papers (which is somewhat worrisome). What people want from there is a download for all the stuff that does not list an author copy. Open access IMHO is just a reaction to the fact that mostly you would not need a subscription anyhow. Now the authors are paying upfront or universities are paying flat for all their researchers. The problem is now the incentives are not increasing the number of subscriptions but increasing the number of papers published.


So will LLMs have premium-tier access or basic-tier access?


it is open like open in openai


Made my day. Thank you! I have to remember that. Best thing I have read in the entire day.



> From January 1, 2026, all ACM publications will be published Open Access (OA), free to read, share, and reuse in the ACM Digital Library.


This is called Sci-Hub and LibGen


Have you not seen vend bench?


I think the difference is in math the problem is fully specified and easily verifiable and in programming it's not. I don't agree that we always know we can solve the problem.


Not always, sure but 90% of the time yes.

For example, create a DFA for a regex, not too bad just use Thompson's algorithm and then NFA->DFA. But now we have to care about efficiency, user API, maintainability of definitions etc.

Coding is more of a human problem than math


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