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What's ironic is that Apple does all their mechanical CAD work for their products in Siemens NX running in Windows VMs.


All of their mechanical CAD? No- some of that is handled in Shapr (https://www.shapr3d.com/). Given the state of the industry and the discussion in many sibling comments, it wouldn’t surprise me if this share is growing. A little birdie tells me they work closely with the Shapr team on certain feature developments in the app, and from my own personal experience I can tell you that I much prefer the Mac-native modeling experience than any of its gargantuan antiquated peers.


> A little birdie tells me they work closely with the Shapr team on certain feature developments in the app....

It is no secret that Apple work closely with various well-known app developers, and in the case of Shapr they are even featured on the Apple developer site[1].

And it sounds like the collaborative efforts are paying off given your statement "I much prefer the Mac-native modeling experience". :)

[1] https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=i6qdbzn9


Shapr3d is a rather light duty stuff, it's really doubtful a company with unlimited R&D budget and megascale manufacturing would use it very much.


I understand the need for it to be in Siemens NX, but do they really run it in Windows VMs? As far as I know NX isn't certified to run in VMs without Nvidia GPU passthrough (aka Macs). It seems more sensible to maintain a fleet of Windows desktops specifically for CAD and industrial control.


> It seems more sensible to maintain a fleet of Windows desktops specifically for CAD and industrial control.

I don't see why. Build a VM image in the more sensible OS and work from there

Don't worry about IT support, just burn the VM and replace whenever something gets weird

They probably can solve every video driver issue they find or just find a way to use an nVidia card on a beefy Intel Mac

(or do the same on Linux - also possible)


> Don't worry about IT support, just burn the VM and replace whenever something gets weird

You don't need VMs for that. You can reset to a known good state on your bare metal disk drive just as well.


Yeah, a couple years ago (sorry, no citation handy) I wasn't too surprised to learn that a Windows desktop can run faster in a VM on Intel Mac hardware than directly on a similarly-priced PC.


That was my experience during the Intel Mac era, when I did a lot of Windows development inside of a Mac VM.

IMO, the reason is all of the 3rd party fluff and poorly-written drivers that come with Windows PCs: Apple takes driver stability very seriously, and the drivers on a Windows VM are as vanilla (no fluff or features) as possible.


It could be VDIs, i.e. VMs running on another system, potentially x86 with GPU


More sensible, yes... but less ideologically pure.


Considering their backend (iCloud, etc.) runs on Linux fleets, I believe they are more pragmatic than idealists.

I'd love to see a full fleet of Mac servers (XServe was a handsome piece of kit), but I believe one shall choose their battles.



isn't it very stripped down iOS?


So this is all pure speculation, but seeing as they are a hardware company I wonder if they have some sort of internal only server chassis to house apple motherboards for their backend, tolerate asahi linux for this? No real external market for apple servers so they don't develop it past "Ok for internal use"

The more I think about it the more I doubt it, even if you make your own hardware it is hard to compete with a commodity server, but it is an interesting thought.

Update: or perhaps they do, a sibling comment had a picture of such.


They definitely have their own servers. There was a post about that, some time ago. There’s a sibling post to yours, about them.

Not sure about the backplane architecture. I’m pretty sure they are custom datacenter rack units.


That says more about the dire state of the industry than Apple’s own engineering preferences and their brand optics.


I used to work with several Apple MEs, and one EE, when they moved to the startup I was at.

They were all very skilled and pragmatic engineers. While there is some tribal knowledge benefits to getting really fluent with a given CAD suite, foundationally they are just tools, so when our startup migrated from one CAD suite to another, there was pretty minimal churn. You only have to go through one project management software changeover to realize that good operators, engineers or PMs or whatever, aren't permanently affected by the particular choice of software (but they are affected by constant change in that choice). The fundamentals don't change, even if the selector switch moves from one side to the other.

At the same startup, in the early days, I had a System76 laptop running their flavor of Ubuntu, and I used KiCad (but that was prior to their big UX overhaul so it was pretty painful) so I could design the few PCBs we needed. When we adopted Altium, I dual-booted the laptop. Later, I used a MacBook Pro and I ran Altium in a VM, and I've never had a more mind-bending computing experience than when I had Windows (running Altium) on one screen, OSX (with all of my firmware dev tools) on the other screen, and my keyboard shortcuts (down to cmd vs ctrl as the modifier) would change based on which screen my mouse cursor was on.


You would think this is a great opportunity for Apple to fill a gap in the market (and dogfood their solution too). Guess not...


Only if the marketplace makes sense. They can't just roll their own CAD system to use internally - mostly because it's a huge space and it requires working with external stakeholders/vendors


I think the only thing that would make some sense would be for them to buy a big player and then tell them to make a Mac port or migrate to Mac only.

That’s what happened with Logic Pro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_Pro#Logic) and (sort-of) Final Cut Pro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro#Creation)

I suspect they’d need a portfolio of applications in the CAD space to make that work, though.


Shapr is probably a decent candidate for this, though maybe in a few years. It feels like they are the Pixelmator to Autodesk's Photoshop (Fusion). Though I don't like that I have to "Contact Sales" to be able to save my models on-prem, give me a goddamn break.


This is the typical thinking of the toolmaker. It is not useful in markets. Apple is not in the business of engineering software, their in the business of consumer hardware.


Even more so, having retired themselves from server and workstation market.


Are there more powerful workstations than a maxed out Mac Studio?


First of all, not all workstations are alike.

A maxed out Mac Studio does very little for audio processing, and the custom audio cards that get used in the field.

Second to do the same as many users do with graphics cards configurations, one gets into gimmicks like external eGPU adaptors.

Third, Metal has not much adoption among visualisation software.

Finally, a Mac Studio can only be maxed out once during its lifetime.


Granted, I feel this is true re my non-Mac computers. You think you can max it out at first, but then there's new interfaces, RAM standards, etc


This is apologia. There is a mile between being stuck with 16GB of ram vs on DDR5 or even DDR5. The analogy is absurd.


I'm just saying...between my sandy bridge to the current box, when I looked either having to search for older components vs. just building something new, it was always just easier to build something new. Of course this was when prices were "normal" vs. today....


You seem to forget the "you can't at all" part with new Apple hardware. Of course, everything has a limit on upgrades, but not being able to upgrade your RAM or at very least SSD is insane that we put up with. This is pure anti-consumer cartel outcome.


It might have more to do with legacy files than that being the best setup they could find.

They probably have tens of thousands? hundreds of thousands? of 3D files at this point, organizing, reusing, composing all those parts is necessary unless they want to manufacture everything from scratch every time. Migrating all that over to a new system wont be done until it is insanely painful to use the older system.


Apple Retail ran off Windows-based Motorola MC-50s for a while in the mid-00s before moving to their own software on iPod touch and iPhone. Apple doesn't compete in the CAD space, so why not use the best tools available even if it means they run on Windows?


This is insane. Is there no great first party CAD solution on Mac?


NX supported macos and Linux until 2019. The situation is kinda sad/ironic considering that many big CAD packages have their roots in classic UNIX workstations, and afaik that was one of the major usecases for RedHat desktop. With the general decline of MS and Windows I imagine CAD companies must be reconsidering their platform choices. But of course big ships turn slowly so who knows when anything concrete might happen


There is no meaningful decline of Windows on corporate desktops.


In the hardware engineering space, I don't know if I have ever seen a mac. Linux pops up a bit because of the rise of micros, but it's still 99% windows.


Tons of industrial software is Windows only, whether it's design, operations, or configuration & control apps for industrial hardware.

MacOS versions are more commonly found in the low end of the market, e.g. Fusion 360.


Which is kind of insane when you think about it considering what a cluster fuck the win32 API is


Why is it a cluster fuck? When it's been virtually unchanged and stable for the past 30 or so years, which is how Winamp 2.95 can run on WIndows 11 today and how Wine can so easily run Windows games. Way better than Linux and Mac have historically provided for compatibility.


Accumulated cruft is the CF cost for an API.


Where's the cruft? Win32 is pretty simple.


Still the most stable API on Linux


I still think that it’s one of the great ironies of our time.

Linux itself bends over backwards to avoid breaking userland, to the point where there is a substantial amount of cruft when interacting directly with the kernel.

Only for GNU to say “fuck that” and create a widely mockable situation, one of the worst targets of modern programs for stability… to the point where people start using alternative libc’s specifically to statically link them.

What a monumental failure.


Dynamic linking by default has turned into a premature optimization over time


Just a quirk of the times. GNU made the most optimal solutions of their time, but in the end we still have some tech debt. I think it was inevitable that this would happen with GNU or for that matter any project, since it's not a centralized project like linux and was never going to be since it's not just one piece of software.


Most software written in win32 days still work today on Win 10/11. You really can't say the same for X11/Wayland.


What?! Win32 is one of the best API ever designed. It’s pretty much the best part of windows


Not all parts of Win32 were designed equally well. File IO, process management and most of the threading primitivs have aged really well. Thread management hasn't. The GUI parts are a sometimes hacky mess because behavioral changes created mismatches between what functions were specified to do and what that gets actually translated to. Permissions are a pain in the butt with complex ACLs, transparent file access redirects and how process elevation works.


Yes, for sure. And with hindsight a lot of things would be done differently. I’m still really impressed by most of win32 given it was designed at a time where the software and hardware landscape looked so different from what we have today. Looks complex and messy at first but I learned a ton about what makes for good design by digging into win32 and NT


Professional 3D CAD software is pretty much Windows only. Especially with a company like Apple where you have complex models with many designers working on it you aren't going to risk using anything other than the likes of NX, Catia, Creo, or SolidWorks (though I shudder at how frustrating SolidWorks would be in that use case).


It used to be UNIX as well, but Apple choose to give up on UNIX workstation market.


Yes, but for no reason, I do have Creo 9 now working under wine and the performance is basically the same as windows with a few minor bugs


I guess not for this use case. There are many industrial use cases for which there are no macOS versions. In fact, Siemens NX was once available on macOS AFAIK, but isn't anymore.


CAD is not just drawing. CAD packages are often integrated with other software that does things like stress analysis, BOM, thermal simulation, and so on.

Its an entire ecosystem that streamlines a lot of things, so it makes sense to invest in it.

The reason for Windowsis because a lot of the CAD software utilizes gfx drivers heavily for rendering. You can do things like raytracing to simulate how the product will look.


For quite a long time, graphics card driver quality and performance has been much better on the PC driven by the larger PC gaming market.

Very hard for Apple, or Linux to do much about that - especially when Nvidia considered it's drivers key IP.

Couple that with a relatively small market - and it's hard to justify supporting multiple platforms.


Nothing that CAD and engineering students would be familiar with.

There are some open source options but those aren’t taught at school afaik.


Not that it's necessarily suited for Apple's use case, but Autodesk's Fusion runs natively on Mac.


I think it’s just an electron wrapper over a browser version. Impressively sluggish, clunky, and unresponsive for a so-called native app


Autodesk Fusion GUI uses the C++ Qt library, not Electron. Link to my previous comment: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24252787


Okay that’s even more pathetic. Is it using only CPU bound software rendering? I do 3d programming on MacOS. I can assure you that it’s not slow because it’s just super-duper complex. No, it just sucks.


Most CAD programs take little advantage of multicore or GPU, if any. It's all about single threaded CPU performance.


CAD software (and other high-end professional software) can easily cost 5-10x as much as the computer itself. You buy the computer for the software, not the other way around.


Vectorworks. Popular with smaller architecture firms but not the biggest ones.


Archicad as well!


Rhino runs natively on Mac


Autodesk AutoCAD is available for Mac. Autodesk Fusion is also available for Mac.

I for one would love to see Autodesk add more Mac and Linux support across their lineup. Especially Inventor and its associated add-ons.


That helps with dogfooding the VM experience, I suppose.


Not really most of those companies are stagnant Old-line, on the construction side Autodesk for example can barely get Autocad working on the Mac. I had to use a Dell PC laptop to run Autocad, Revit, and Navis Manage when a M1 Powerbook would blows it away on the road, at job site, and at coordination meetings away from the office as well at least Morpholio Trace, Vectorworks, and Archicad work.

It's to bad the next Powerbooks will be even more powerful and frugal unplugged from the wall at job sites and at conference rooms on the road in coordination meetings.

In Mechanical CAD the companies are even more stagnant (not willing to work on multiple platforms) ie like Blender or Blackmagic, note: there are even fewer companies out there today that in the past.




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