Gold, silver, copper, iron were all commonly mined by Dwarves for sure. Mithril, of course, is what made Moria so immensely wealthy so there was at least one thing more valuable than gold.

As an aside, I know it's mentioned once or twice that Dwarves ascribe the monetary value of gold/gems because of an appreciation for it's beauty and not its rarity...but I don't think Tolkien gets into the nitty gritty of that too much.